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Skin cancer

Summary

Skin cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer worldwide, with increasing prevalence in recent years. In Australia 2/3 of the population who grew up here will have a skin cancer by the time they turn 60 years of age.

It primarily occurs due to the uncontrolled growth of abnormal skin cells, often triggered by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources. Understanding the different types of skin cancer, their causes, symptoms, and preventive measures is crucial for early detection and effective treatment.

The most common type, BCC usually appears on sun-exposed areas like the face and neck. It rarely spreads to other parts of the body but can cause local damage if left untreated. A BCC will present as either a small pearly nodule or a pink patch that won’t heal. Things that easily bleed with minimal trauma such as a towel across the area are suggestive of BCCs. BCC is highly treatable when detected early, making it crucial for patients to be informed about the different types of BCC and their characteristics.

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Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) is a common type of skin cancer that often develops in areas exposed to the sun’s harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays. Unlike Melanoma and BCC, SCC is likely attributable to lifelong exposure to UV. SCC is treatable when detected early, making it essential for patients to be informed about its types, characteristics, and risk factors. Additionally, SCC can vary in differentiation, which affects its aggressiveness.

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Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that originates in the cells that produce melanin, the pigment responsible for the color of your skin, hair, and eyes. While it accounts for only a small percentage of all skin cancers, it is responsible for the majority of skin cancer-related deaths. The good news is that when detected early, melanoma is highly treatable, making awareness and early detection vital.

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Solar keratosis, also known as actinic keratosis, is a precancerous condition characterised by rough, scaly patches on the skin caused by long-term sun exposure. It is important to treat solar keratosis to prevent the development of skin cancer.

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PREVENTION

Sun Protection: Limit sun exposure, especially during peak hours (10 am to 4 pm). Use broad-spectrum sunscreen (SPF 30 or higher), wear protective clothing, and seek shade when necessary.

Regular Skin Exams: Perform self-examinations to check for any changes in moles, growths, or skin abnormalities. Consult a well credentialed skin cancer doctor for skin examinations, especially if you have risk factors.

Avoid Tanning Beds: Artificial UV radiation from tanning beds increases the risk of skin cancer. They have been banned in Australia after showing a high risk of SCC and Melanoma.

Stay Hydrated: Proper hydration supports healthy skin and reduces the risk of skin damage.

Healthy Lifestyle: Maintain a balanced diet, exercise regularly, avoid smoking, and limit alcohol consumption to support overall skin health.

Limit sun exposure, especially during peak hours (10 am to 4 pm) or when UV is >3.
Use broad-spectrum sunscreen (SPF 30 or higher), wear protective clothing, and seek shade when necessary